Problems and Fixes for Concrete Driveway Finishing Errors

Frederick M. Hueston  StoneForensics.com

A well-constructed concrete driveway can provide durability and aesthetic appeal to your property for many years. However, achieving a perfectly finished concrete surface can be a challenging task, and errors in the finishing process are not uncommon.  The following are some common finishing errors encountered in concrete driveways and effective fixes for each problem.

Bleeding and Crusting

Problem: Bleeding occurs when excess water rises to the surface of the concrete during the finishing process. This can lead to a weak, crusted surface that is prone to cracking.

Fix: To address bleeding and crusting, you can:

Use a bull float to gently rework the surface and incorporate the excess water.

Wait until the bleed water has evaporated before finishing.

Apply a surface retarder to slow down the setting of the concrete.

Surface Scaling

Problem: Scaling is the flaking or chipping of the concrete surface, often caused by finishing too soon or using excessive trowel pressure when the concrete is still too wet.

Fix: To remedy surface scaling:

Allow the concrete to set and cure properly before finishing.

Reduce trowel pressure to avoid damaging the surface.

Consider applying a concrete sealer or curing compound to prevent moisture loss during curing.

Cracking

Problem: Cracks can develop in a concrete driveway due to various factors, including inadequate curing, improper mix proportions, or a weak sub-base.

Fix: To address cracking issues:

Ensure proper curing by keeping the concrete moist for at least seven days.

Control the mix design and ensure it meets the required strength specifications.

Address sub-base issues by improving compaction and drainage.

Scaling and Pitting

Problem: Scaling and pitting are characterized by the formation of small, shallow craters on the concrete surface, often due to the use of de-icing salts during winter.

Fix: To repair scaling and pitting:

Replace the affected concrete with a durable, salt-resistant mix.

Seal the driveway with a high-quality concrete sealer to reduce the impact of de-icing salts.

Premature Drying and Cracking

Problem: If concrete dries too quickly during curing, it can lead to surface cracks and a weakened structure.

Fix: To prevent premature drying and cracking:

Keep the concrete damp during the curing period with wet curing blankets, burlap, or curing compounds.

Avoid finishing concrete in hot, dry conditions or high winds.

Uneven or Wavy Finish

Problem: An uneven or wavy finish can occur when the concrete isn’t properly screeded or floated during the finishing process.

Fix: To achieve a level and smooth finish:

Use a straightedge or screed to distribute the concrete evenly.

Pay careful attention to the float and trowel work, ensuring consistent pressure and technique.

Discoloration and Stains

Problem: Concrete discoloration or staining can be caused by various factors, including improper curing, use of contaminated water, or spilled chemicals.

Fix: To address discoloration and stains:

Apply a concrete stain or dye to achieve a uniform color.

For stubborn stains, consider pressure washing or chemical cleaning.

Achieving a flawless concrete driveway finish requires attention to detail, proper technique, and an understanding of potential finishing errors. When issues arise, it’s essential to identify the underlying causes and apply the appropriate fixes to ensure the longevity and functionality of your concrete driveway. Regular maintenance and preventive measures, such as sealing and proper curing, can also contribute to the overall durability and appearance of your concrete driveway.